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al

THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY

FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB, LL.D.

EDITED BY { T. E. PAGE, c.a., Lirt.p. f E. CAPPS, pu.p., tu.p. f W. H. D. ROUSE, ritt.p. L. A. POST, L.a.p. E.H. WARMINGTON, .a., F.R.HIST.SOC.

LUCIAN VII

LUCIAN

WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY M.D. MACLEOD

LECTURER IN CLASSICS, UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON, SOMETIME SCHOLAR OF PEMBROKE COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE

IN EIGHT VOLUMES

Vr

LONDON

WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD

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MOMLXI

Printed in Great Britain

CONTENTS

PAGE LIST OF LUCIAN’S WORKS. ‘ : , ‘ vil PREFACE ; ‘ ‘ ; , ‘ ; ix DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD . ; : : ; 1 DIALOGUES OF THE SEA-GODS . ; : 177 DIALOGUES OF THE GODS . ; ‘ P : 239 DIALOGUES OF THE COURTESANS ‘ ; , 355 INDEX ; : P : , ; ‘ : 469

LIST OF LUCIAN’S WORKS

SHOWING THEIR DIVISION INTO VOLUMES IN THIS EDITION

VoLtumE I

Phalaris I and II—Hippias or the Bath—Dionysus— Heracles—Amber or The Swans—The Fly—Nigrinus— Demonax—The Hall—My Native Land—Octogenarians —A True Story I and II1—Slander—The Consonants at Law—The Carousal or The Lapiths.

VotumeE II

The Downward Journey or The Tyrant—Zeus Cate- chized—Zeus Rants—The Dream or The Cock—Prometheus —Icaromenippus or The Sky-man—Timon or The Mis- anthrope—Charon or The Inspector—Philosophies for Sale.

VoutumeE III

The Dead Come to Life or The Fisherman—The Double Indictment or Trials by Jury—On Sacrifices—The Ignorant Book Collector—-The Dream or Lucian’s Career—The Parasite—The Lover of Lies—The Judgement of the Goddesses—On Salaried Posts in Great Houses.

VoLuME IV

Anacharsis or Athletics—Menippus or The Descent into Hades—On Funerals—A Professor of Public Speaking— Alexander the False Prophet—Essays in Portraiture— Essays in Portraiture Defended—The Goddess of Surrye.

VOLUME V

The Passing of Peregrinus—The Runaways—Toxaris or Friendship—The Dance—Lexiphanes—The Eunuch— Astrology—The Mistaken Critic—The Parliament of the Gods—The Tyrannicide—Disowned.

LIST OF LUCIAN’S WORKS

VoLuME VI

Historia—Dipsades—Saturnalia—Herodotus—Zeuxis— Pro Lapsu—Apologia—Harmonides—Hesiodus—Scytha —Hermotimus—Prometheus Es—Navigium.

VotumE VII

Dialogues of the Dead—Dialogues of the Sea-Gods— Dialogues of the Gods (exc. Dearum Iudicium cf. Vol. III) —Dialogues of the Courtesans.

VoLUME VIII

Soloecista—Lucius or the Ass—Amores—Halcyon— Demosthenes— Podagra—Ocypus—Cyniscus—Philopatria —Charidemus—Nero.

Vili

PREFACE

As shown by Mras (Die Uberlieferung Lucians) for the four works of Lucian in this volume the readings of the manuscripts are to be grouped into two classes, the y class (of which the leading representative is Vaticanus Graecus 90 or I’) and the 8 class (headed by Vindobonensis 123 or B). Neither B nor I’ is extant for the Dialogues of the Courtesans, for which the best representative of y is X (Palatinus 73), while the B class is here best represented by L (Laurentianus 57.51).

In this volume I have endeavoured to follow the late Professor Harmon both in taking due account of the readings of J’, and also in keeping to the order of the works of Lucian as found in J’. This means that I have, in the Dialogues of the Dead, of the Sea-Gods, and of the Gods, departed from the traditional ordering of the dialogues within all three collections, but for the convenience of the reader I have added in brackets after the ordering of [' the traditional reference number of the dialogue, and have also retained in the margin the page numbers of the edition of Hemsterhuys and Reitz. The tables on the following page will also be of service.

I have prepared my own text of the Dialogues of the Dead, of the Sea-Gods, and of the Gods, after collating I, 2 and B. For the Dialogues of the Courtesans, however, there is already in existence the excellent text and apparatus of Dr. Mras (Kleine Texte fir Vorlesungen und Ubungen, Berlin, 1930) which I have used as the basis of this text.

ix

PREFACE

ORDER IN THIS VOLUME (as in I’) Traditional Dial. of — Dial. of — Dial. of

Order Dead Sea-Gods Gods ] 1 di 5 2 3 2 6 3 10 3 fi 4, 14 4, 10 5 15 fi 8 6 16 8 9 i 17 ll 11 8 18 5 13 9 19 6 12

10 20 9 14 11 2) 10 19 12 25 12 20 13 13 13 15 14 12 14 16 15 26 15 17 16 ll — 18 17 7 — 21 18 5 — 22 19 21 — 23 20 6 — Dearum Judicium (vol. 3) 21 4 — at 22 2 — 2 23 28 — 3 24 29 — 4 25 30 — 24 26 8 — 25 21 22 — — 28 9 —— — 29 23 — —

PREFACE

Of the many scholars who have helped me I should like particularly to thank Professors Mynors and Baldry and Mr. C. W. Whitaker. My thanks are due to the staffs of many libraries, particularly the Vati- can Library, the Austrian National Library, and the Library of Trinity College, Cambridge, for their un- failing kindness, and to the Library of Uppsala University for allowing me the use of Nilén’s very accurate collations. Finally my thanks are due to the Winter Warr Fund at Cambridge and to my own college, Pembroke College, Cambridge, for making possible an extended visit to libraries in Vienna and Italy.

SIGLA

a == Vaticanus 90

B = Vindobonensis 123

Q = Marcianus 434

L = Laurentianus 57.51

X = Palatinus 73

y = IQ (in Dialogues of the Courtesans = X et alit)

B = Bet alii (in Dialogues of the Courtesans = L et alit)

rec. == codex recentior

recc. = duo vel plures codices re centiores

DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD

SomE dialogues in this collection are purely literary, as, for example, where Lucian rewrites scenes from Odyssey, Book XI, or the imaginative dialogues featuring Alexander, interest in whom for Lucian and his audience alike may have been heightened by the work of Arrian.

Other dialogues are satirical, dealing mainly with ‘‘ captatio’’, or with the Cynic theme of the transitory nature of prosperity during this life. Roman writers and Juvenal, in particular, had dealt with similar topics (cf. Highet, Juvenal the Satirist, pp. 250 and 280 etc.); but this does not necessarily mean that Lucian was familiar with Latin literature or influenced by it, as such topics would have been the natural field of any satirist. Moreover, at times Lucian and the Roman satirists may have been drawing from common sources.

328

329

330

331

NEKPIKOI AIAAOTOI

1 (1) AIOTENOYS KAI IIOAYAEYKOYS

AIOTENHS

1, "92 [ToAvdevkes, evtéddopai cor, ézrevdav Tayora avéA@ns,—oaov yap eot, oluat, avaBidvar aupiov—nv mov ys Mévamov tov Kiva,—etpois 5” vn b) A > K. 4 A A K, ? 1 bal ?

av avrov ev Kopivéw Kara To Kpdveov! 7) ev Avreiw trav épilovrwy ™pos ahAnAous pirocopav Karayehdvra—eiredv m™pos avrov, OTL ool, @ Mévre, redever 6 Atoyévys, €t cou ixavads TA Heb

~ 4 Lid > 4 “~ 4 ys KaTayeyeAaota, jKew evOade 7oAA@ TrAEtw > 4 > A A ‘ > 3 4 \ »” emyeAacdpevov’ Exel ev yap ev audtBoAw oot Ere € f > A A A ¢¢ 7s A Ld > A 4 6 yéAws Hv Kal Todd 70 “Tis yap GdAws olde Ta weTA

A , 29 > “A A > 7 4 ~ tov Biov;”’, évratba Sé od mavon PeBaiws yeAdv

“~ A “~ Kkabamep eyw viv, kal udAvtoTra emeday opads Tovs A Ul mAovoiovs Kal oaTpamas Kal TUPAVVvOUS: ovUTW A > > TAaTEWOUS Kal GonpLous, ek povns olpwy is Svaywwakopevors, Kal OTL paddaxot Kal ayevveis clot pepynpevor TaV dvw. Taira réye adT@, Kal ? A } ” ; mpooett euTrAnodpevov THY THpav jew Oépuwr TE ~ 5 7 > “~ / e Ul TOAA@Y Kal €l mou evpor ev TH TpLOdw “EKkarns

A 4 , f “~

deimvov Keievov 7 Wov ex Kabapatov 7 TL TOLODTOV.

Kpavov codd. vett..

bo

DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD 1 (1) DIOGENES AND POLLUX

DIOGENES

My dear Pollux, I have some instructions for you as soon as you go up top. It’s your turn for resur- rection to-morrow, I believe. If you see Menippus, the Dog', anywhere (you'll find him in Corinth at the Craneum or in the Lyceum at Athens, laughing at the philosophers wrangling with each other), tell him this from me. ‘* Diogenes bids you, Menippus, if you’ve laughed enough at the things on the earth above, come down here, if you want much more to laugh at; for on earth your laughter was fraught with uncertainty, and people often wondered whether anyone at all was quite sure about what follows death, but here you'll be able to laugh endlessly without any doubts, as I do now—and particularly when you see rich men, satraps and tyrants so humble and insignificant, with nothing to distinguish them but their groans, and see them to be weak and contemptible when they recall their life above.” That’s the message you’ve to give him and one further thing—that he’s to come here with his wallet filled with lots of lupines and any meals dedicated to Hecate he finds at cross-roads, or eggs from sacrifices of purification, or anything of the sort.

1A nickname for a Cynic philosopher.

3

332

333

THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

TIOAYA EYKHZ “a “A , ¢ 2. AAV arayyeAd tabra, @ Adyeves. omws \ IQ A Ul e al , > \ ” dé cid@ ppadota Omotds tis eote THY oYww— AIOTENHS ” , Tépwyv, dadaxpds, tpiBaviov exwv mrodAvOupov, \ a > a AmTavTt aveuw avarrentapevov Kal Tals emumTuxats ~ € , , lel > 9 AN \ \ \ ‘ TOV paktwv trotktAov, yeAG O° ael Kal Ta TrOAAG Tovs adralovas TovTous didocddous émoKwnTet.

ITOAYAEYKHS “Padiov edpeiv amd ye tovTwr. AIOTENHS

4 4 A 3 A > 4 >] 4 3 Bovdeu Kat mpos atrods éxeivous évreiAwpai Ti Tovs diAocaddous ; ITIOAYAEYKHS Aéye: od Bapt! yap ov8é rodro. AIOTENHS To \ 5A id A 9 ry 4 r a o pev OAov mravoacbat adbtots mapeyyvta Anpodor Kat mept TOV GAwv éepilovow Kat Képata dvovaw > 4 ~ ~ aAAjAots Kal KpoKodeiAous rototot Kat Ta ToLadTa atropa €épwrdy dudacKovat Tov voov. ITIOAYAEYKHS A >] ~ AdAG eye apabh Kai draidevrov efvat dackovat KaTnyopobvra Tis oodias avTav.

1 od Bapd B : Bapd y.

1 and 2? Philosophers’ quibbles. Cf. Quintilian, I, 10, 5. For (1) vide Gellius, 18, 2,8. ‘* What you have not lost, you have; you have not lost horns; therefore you have

4

THE DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD

POLLUX

Pll deliver your message, Diogenes. But if I could have precise information about his appearance—

DIOGENES

He’s old and bald, with a decrepit cloak full of windows and open to every wind, a motley of flapp- ing rags; he’s always laughing and generally mocking those hypocritical philosophers.

POLLUX

If we judge from these details at any rate, he should be easy to find.

DIOGENES May I send a piece of advice to these philosophers also ? POLLUX

Yes; no difficulty with that either.

DIOGENES

Pass on a brief message to them to stop their foolish talk and their bickering about the universe, and making each other grow horns,! and composing puzzles about crocodiles,? and teaching the human mind to ask such insoluble riddles.

POLLUX

But they say I’m an uneducated ignoramus to cast aspersions on their wisdom.

horns.”’ For (2) cf. Philosophies for Sale 22, ‘‘ Suppose that a crocodile seizes your child . . . but promises to give it back, if you tell the crocodile correctly what it intends to do with the child ; what answer will you give ?”

B 5

334

THE WORKS OF LUCIAN AIOFENHS

Ld dé oipwlew adrovs trap’ epod Aéye. TIOAYAEYKHZ Kai ratra, & Atoyeves, arrayyerAo.

AIOTENHS

3. Tots mAovaios 8’, & didtarov IToAvsevnuov, amayyeAXe Ttatta map’ nud@v: TL, @ pata, TOV xpuoov duddtrere; ti de Tipwpetode eavtods Aoytlouevor Tos TOKOUS Kat TAaAaVTA Emi TaAaVTOLS ouvrilévres, ots ypy) eva oBoddov EexovTas KEW pet oAtyov;

TIOAYAEYKHZ Hipyoera: kal Tatra mpos eKetvous.

AIOFENHS

AdAa Kal trois Kadots Te Kal iayupois Aéye, MeyidAw te TH Kopwliw nai Aapokevw 7 trada- LOTH, OTL Tap’ Hiv OUTE 7 fav07) KOLY ove TO Xapoma 7 _péhava Oppara a epvbnua emt Too mpoowrov ETL éoTw 7) vetipa EVTOVGa 7 Bpou Kaprepot, GANG TavTa pia nuiv Kovis, Pact, Kpavia yuuva Tod KaAXous.

ITIOAYAEYKHZ Od yarerov o86€ TabrTa eimety pos Tovs Kadods \ 9 ? Kal toxupovs. AIOTENHZ 4. Kai rots mévnow, & Adkwv,—moAdoi 8’ «iol Kal axOdpevor TH Tmpaypatt Kal OiKTELpoYTES THD

6

THE DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD

DIOGENES You tell them from me to go to the devil.

POLLUX I'll give this message too, Diogenes.

DIOGENES

And take this message to the rich men from us, my dearest Pollux. ‘‘ Why do you guard your gold, you senseless fools ? Why do you punish yourselves, counting interest, and piling talents on talents, when you must come here shortly with no more than a penny ?’’!

POLLUX They shall have this message too.

DIOGENES

Yes, and say to the men who are handsome and strong like Megillus of Corinth and Damoxenus the wrestler, ‘‘ Here with us are no golden locks or blue eyes or dark eyes, or rosy cheek, no well-strung sinews or sturdy shoulders—all with us, to quote the proverb, is one and the same dust, skulls bereft of good looks.”’

POLLUX Another easy message for me to give—to the handsome and strong. DIOGENES

And tell the poor, my Spartan friend, who are many, displeased with life and pitying themselves

1 The obol put in the mouth of a corpse as Charon’s fare.

7

THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

dmropiav—deéye pLnTe Saxpvew pnre oipascew duny- Nodpevos thy evradba loorystav, Kal OTL opovrat 335 tovds éxet mAovaiovs obdév dpetvouvs adtav-: Kat a a “~ a 3 Aaxedaipoviots 5€ tTois cots tabra, et Soxet, map b ~ ? la 4 3 v4 ? 4 Eov emitinoov Aéywv exAeddobat adtovs.

ITIOAYAEYKHS Mybev, & Aroyeves, epi Aaredatpoviwv dye: od yap avéEopai ye. a& 5€ pos tods aAAovs Edyoba, aTrayyerAo.

AIOTENHES "Ea 4 bd 4 a ‘ A t dowpev TovTous, eet cor Soxet> od d€ ols TpoEtrov améveyKov Trap’ Eeuotv Tovs Adyous.

2 (22) XAPQNOS KAI MENITIIIOY

XAPQN

1. Azddos, & katdpate, Ta TopOeta. MENITIHWO2

Boa, «i totré cor, & Xdpwv, Fd.ov. AAPQN

Ardédos, dni, av’ dv ce drerropOevoapev. MENITIIOS

OvK av AdBous rapa Tob p17) ExovTos. XAPQN

*’Eott 8€ tis 6Bodov pu Exwv;

THE DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD

for their poverty, not to cry and moan; describe to them our equality here, telling them how they’ll see the rich on earth no better here than they are them- selves. And tell your own Spartans off from me, if you will, for having become so slack.

POLLUX

Not a word to me about Spartans, Diogenes; I won't tolerate that. But I'll deliver your messages to all the others.

DIOGENES

Let’s forget about the Spartans, since that’s your wish, but be sure to give my messages to the people I mentioned earlier on.

2 (22) CHARON AND MENIPPUS

CHARON Pay the fare, curse you.

MENIPPUS Shout away, Charon, if that’s what you prefer.

CHARON Pay me, I say, for taking you across.

MENIPPUS You can’t get blood out of a stone.

CHARON Is there anyone who hasn’t a single penny ?

424

THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

MENITITIOS Ei pev kat dAdos tis od olda, eyw 8’ odk Exw.

AAPQN Kai piv dy€w oe vy tov TTdovtwva, d puapé, Hv py) amrodds. MENITIIO& Kayw t@ évdAw cov watakas diadvow!! To Kpaviov. AAPQN Marnyv odv €on wemdevKas * Tocobrov trAodbv.

MENITIIO£Z ‘O ‘Epps taép éuod cor amodétw, os pe mra- 4 / . i pedwKke oot. EPMHS 2. Ny Ai’ ovaipny® ye, ef péAAw Kat depexti- VEL THY VEKPOV. AAPQN Ode aroornoopai cov. MENITTOS Tovrov ye evexa vewAkyjoas TO TropOyetov mapa- peeve’ mrAnjv GAAd’ 6 ye 1) Exw, mas av AdBows ; AAPQN Lv 0’ odk WSeus Kopilew d€éov; 1 rapadiaw y. * on wemAevKwS.... y: mémdevxas....; B. 3 wrvapny B. 10

THE DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD

MENIPPUS

I don’t know about anyone else, but I am without one.

CHARON But by Pluto, I'll throttle you, you blackguard, if you don’t pay. MENIPPUS And I’ll smash your head with a blow from my stick. CHARON Then you'll have sailed all this long way for nothing. — MENIPPUS Hermes delivered me to you; let him pay.

HERMES Heaven help me, if I’m going to pay for the dead too. CHARON I won’t leave you alone.

MENIPPUS

Then you’d better beach your ferry, and stay put ; but how will you get what I don’t have ?

CHARON Didn’t you know you had to bring it with you ? 11

THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

MENITHIOS ’Hidew pev, odk elyov dé. Ti odv; éxpyy dia Toro py amobavetv; AXAPQN Movos obv adynoets mpotka TremAevKévar; MENITTTOS Od mpotka, @ BéATioTe: Kai yap nvTAnoa Kal Ths Kwmns ovverreAaBounv Kat odK ExAaov povos Tav dAAwy émBaTav. AAPQN 425 Ovdév Taira mpos mopOuea-: Tov dBodov azo- Sodval ce Set ov Oéuis drAAws yevecBa. MENITTOS 3. Ovxoiv drayé pe adOis és Tov Biov. XAPQN Xdpiev déyets, va Kai wAnyas emi TovTw TAP. tod Aiakod mpocAaBw.

MENITTTOS My évoxAet odv. XAPQN Acifov ri év TH mHpa Exes. MENIITIO£Z @dppovs, et BéAeus, Kai THS ‘Exatys To Seinvov. AAPQN

T1d0ev robrov jpiv, & “Eppy, rov Kiva Fyayes; ola dé Kat éAdAer mapa tov mAoty Tav emBarav

12

THE DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD

MENIPPUS Yes, but I didn’t have it. What ofit? Did that make it wrong for me to die ? CHARON So you'll be the only one to boast of a free passage?

MENIPPUS Not free, my good fellow ; I baled, I helped at the oar, I was the only passenger who wasn’t weeping. CHARON That’s nothing to do with a ferryman ; your penny must be paid. No alternative’s allowed. MENIPPUS Then take me back to life.

CHARON That’s a bright remark! Do you want me also to get a thrashing from Aeacus for my pains? MENIPPUS Then don’t bother me.

CHARON Show me what you have in your bag.

MENIPPUS

Lupines, if you want some, and a meal meant for Hecate. CHARON Where did you find us this Dog, Hermes ? How

he chattered on the crossing too, mocking and jeering

13

336

THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

~ a admdvrwy KatayeA@v Kal émoxwrTwy Kal Lovos , adwv oipwlovrwy eKeivwr. EPMHS > aA s Ayvoeis, ® Xdpwy, ovriwa avdpa dverropOpevaas ; 3 ? 3 “~ 3 / ? “A / = Ff ehevOepov axpiBads: ovdévos atT@ péde. odTos eorwv 0 Mévimmos.

XAPQN Kat pry av ce AaBw oré—

MENITWIOZ "Av AaBys, & BéAriote: Sis dé odk av AaBors.

3 (2) NEKPQN ITAOYTQNI KATA MENIIIIIOY*

KPOIZOZ 1. O83 dépopev, & TTdovtwv, Meévirmov tovrovi Tov KUVa TapoLKotvTa: wWoTE 7 EKEtvOV ToL Ka- TAOTHOOV 7 HUES LETOLKHTOMEV ELS ETEPOV TOTIOV.

ITAOYTQN Ti & tyas dewov éepyalera opovexpos wy;

KPOIZOZ

*"Exrevdav juets olpwlwyev Kal oTéevwpev éxeivav pepynpevor TOV avw, Midas pev odtoat Tob ypvaiov, Sapdavatadros de tTHS ToAAts Tpudis, éyw Se Kpotoos trav O@noaupayv, emuyedAg kat e€overdiler av- Spamoda Kai Kkabdppata Hyds arroxaAdy, eviote dé Kal Gowy emiTapaTrer HU@V Tas Oluwyds, Kal GAws Avrnpods eorw.

1 Titulus: ITAOYTQN H KATA MENIIIIIOY 8.

14

THE DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD

at all the passengers and singing on his own while they were lamenting ! HERMES Don’t you know, my dear Charon, what sort of man you’ve taken across? He is absolutely inde- pendent and cares for nobody. This is Menippus. CHARON But if ever I get my hands on you—

MENIPPUS

If you get your hands on me, my good fellow ! But you won’t get them on me a second time.

3 (2) SHADES TO PLUTO AGAINST MENIPPUS

CROESUS Pluto, we can’t stand having this Dog, Menippus, for our neighbour. So put him somewhere else, or we ll move ourselves. PLUTO What harm does he do you as a fellow-shade ?

CROESUS

Whenever we moan and groan at our memories of life above, Midas recalling his gold, Sardanapalus’ his great luxury, and I, Croesus, my treasures, he mocks and reviles us, calling us slaves and scum: some- times he even disturbs our lamentations by singing. In short, he’s a pest.

1 Assur-Bani-Pal.

15

THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

ITTAOYTQN Ti radra dacw, & Mévurne;

MENITIMOL AAnOq, & []AovtTwv: pod yap adtrovs ayevvets} 337 Kat dd€Opious dvras, ols obk améxpnoev Bidvat Ka- K@s, GAAa Kal amofavevtes ETt pépvnvTar Kal TepiexovTat THY dvw' yaipw Tovyapoty adv

avTous. ITTAOYTQN "AMN” od yp: AvmotvTar yap od puKpdv atepo- jrevor.” MENIITWIOX

Kai od pwpaives, & IDAodTwv, opopndos adv tots TOUTWY OTEVvaypois; TAOYTQN Ovddapas, GAN ovk av rout otacialew vps.

MENITHIO2£Z

2. Kat phy, d xaxioto Avidv Kai Dovydv Kal

> 4 4 4 e b) A , ‘Acoupiwv, ovtTw ywuoKere ws od Travoopéevovu 4 A) / an) pov: ev0a yap av inte, axodovénow avidv Kati

, “A KaTQOwY Kal KaTayeAav.

KPOIZOZ Taira ovy vBpis; MENITINOL Ovn, GAr’ éxeiva vBpis Fv, a vyets emoreire, mpookuvetabar afiobdvTes Kai éeAevbépois avdpaoww

16

THE DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD

PLUTO What’s this they tell me, Menippus ?

MENIPPUS

True enough, Pluto; I hate them; they’re low scoundrels, not content with having led bad lives, but even in death they remember their past and cling to it. That’s why I enjoy tormenting them.

PLUTO You shouldn’t ; they mourn great losses.

MENIPPUS Are you a fool too, Pluto? Do you approve of their groanings ? PLUTO

Not at all, but I wouldn’t like you to be quarrelling. MENIPPUS

Even so, you lowest of the low from Lydia, Phrygia and Assyria, [’d have you know that Ill never stop. Wherever you go, I'll follow, tor- menting you with my songs and mockery.

CROESUS Isn’t this outrageous ? 4

MENIPPUS

No, the outrageous thing was your behaviour, when you expected people to worship you, treated free men with contempt, and forgot all about death.

1 dyeveis y. 2 orepovpevot B. 17%

THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

a A aA 4 évtpud@vres Kat Tod Oavarov maparav od pvno- ~ b 4 > 4 vevovres: Tovyapoty oipwkeobe mavTwy EeKetvwv

adnpynevot. KPOIZO2 TToddGv ye, © Oeoi, Kai peydAwy Krnpatwv. MIAAL ‘’Ooov pev eyw ypvaod. ZAPAANATIAAAOS ‘’Oons 5€ e€ya Tpudis. MENITITIO£

z ¢ me 207 eee ae o8

Ed ye, otrw movetre> odvpecbe pev vets, eyw ~ , , b

dé TO yuabt cavTov moAAdKis GuvEipwY emacomat

A A a > A

bpiv: mpémor yap av tais tovavTais olpwyats

ETQOO[LEVOV. 4 (21) MENITIIIOY KAI KEPBEPOY MENITI0O2

1. *Q KépBepe—ovyyevjs yap eit cou Kvwv Kal abtos wv—einé por mpos THS A Tvyds, olos Hw 6 LwKpatns, more Kare. map vuas: eixos dé ce Oeov ova py vAaKtetv povov, adda Kat avOpwrivws!

pbéyyecBar, orrdr’ €Bédors.

. KEPBEPOS

421 IIdppwhev péev, & Méurne, ravraracw éddxer aTpéntw TH MpocwTw -Mpocievat Kat ov mavu de- duevar Tov Odavarov Soxar| Kal TodTO eudjvat tots

18

THE DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD

That’s why you’re going to lament the loss of all those things.

CROESUS Oh, ye gods, many and great possessions they were !

MIDAS All my gold! SARDANAPALUS All my luxury ! MENIPPUS

Bravo, go on. You keep up your whimperings, and [Il accompany you with song, with a string of ““Know-Thyself” s for my refrain. That’s the proper accompaniment for such lamentations.

4 (21) MENIPPUS AND CERBERUS

MENIPPUS

My dear Cerberus—I’m a relation, being a Dog myself—I beg you, in the name of the Styx, to tell me what Socrates was like when he came down to you. Seeing that you’re a god, you can be ex- pected not merely to bark, but also to talk like a human when you wish.

CERBERUS

When he was at a distance, Menippus, his face seemed completely impassive as he approached, and he appeared to have not the slightest fear of death, and he wanted to impress this on those who stood

1 avOpwamixads B.

19

422

THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

é£w Tob atopiou éoT@aw ebdAwy, émet b€ katéxupev elaw Tod ydopatos Kal elde tov Codov, Kayw ert duapeAAovTa adtov dakwv TH Kwveiw KaTéoTraca Tod 7080s, Wamep TA Bpédn exwKveEV Kal TA EaVTOD matdla woupeTo Kal mavTotos eyivero.

MENIWTOL 2. OdKoiv sodiorns 6 avOpwmos Fv Kal ovK GAnOads Kateppdver TOO mpaypatos; KEPBEPO2 Otrx, ad éneirep avayKxatov abto éwpa, KaTe- Opactveto ws d7nbev od akwv TevadpeEvos 6 TrAVTWS ébe. mabeiv, ws Oavpacovra® ot Gearai. Kat OAws mEepi mavtwy ye THv TowovTwY eimety av ExXouuL, Ews TOD GTopiov ToAuNpol Kal avdpetot, TA Sé évdobev EXeyyos axpiBijs. MENITII0O2 ’"Eya S€ ms cou KareAndAvblévar edoka; KEPBEPOZ Movos, ® Méunne, afiws tot yévous, Kal Avoyévns apo aod, ote ph avayKxalopevon eonjerte pnd” wbodpevor, adr’ eBedovowor, yeAdvres, oiuw- Cew mrapayyetAavres dtraow.

5 (18) MENITIIOY KAI EPMOY

MENITTTOZ 1. [Toé dat® ot Kadoi etow 7 at Kadai, “Eppy; Eevaynoov pe vendvy ovTa.

20

THE DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD

outside the entrance, but when he had peeped into the chasm, and seen the darkness, and I had bitten him and dragged him by the foot, because he was still slowed down by the hemlock, he shrieked like

an infant, and cried for his children and went frantic. MENIPPUS Then the fellow was just a sham, and didn’t really despise his plight ? CERBERUS

No, but since he could see it was inescapable, he put on a bold front, pretending he would be glad to accept what was quite inevitable, all to win the admiration of the onlookers. I could generalise about all such men: as far as the entrance, they are bold and brave, but what comes inside is the real test.

MENIPPUS What did you think of me, when I came down ?

CERBERUS

You alone were a credit to your breed—you and Diogenes before you, because you came in without having to be forced or pushed, but of your own accord, laughing and cursing at everyone.

5 (18) MENIPPUS AND HERMES

MENIPPUS

Tell me, Hermes, where are the beauties of both sexes ? Show me round, as I’m a newcomer. lt haud scio an 7@ xwveiw delendum sit.

2 davudowvra L, rece., edd.. 5 Sai B: dé y, ut saepe.

409

THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

EPMHZ Od oxody pév, & Mévirme: mAnv Kat’ éxetvo amoBAeov, emi ra SeEtd, eva 6 ‘YaxwOds ré €or kat Napxiacos kai Nipeds cat "AywAreds Kai Tupad A ¢ / A lA \ @ 4 > a 7 Kat EAevyn xai Ajda Kat dAws ta apyaia wavra KaAAn. MENHTIOL ’"OorG pova opd Kal Kpavia TOv capkayv yupve, Ouota Ta TOAAG. EPMHS A 4 > at > “a ? e A Kot pov éxeiva €otw & mavtes of mownrai Bavpalovar ra dota, wv od Eorxas Katadpoveiv.

MENITITIOS "Opws tiv ‘Edévyv po Seifov: od yap av Siayvoinv éywrye. EPMHS Touti to Kpaviov 4 “Edévy éoriv.

MENITWTIOL

2. Etra d1a todro at yidvat vies exrAnpwOncay é& e 4 A € , 4 “A ” e anaons THs “EXAddos Kal tooobra émecov “E)- Anvés Te kaiBdpBapoiKxal Tocabrat méAEs avdorarot yeyovacw;

EPMHS

AM’ odk eldes, 6 Mévirre, CScav tiv yuvaika: Ww 4 ba! A 4.3 4 ee Ads > 4 edns yap av Kai odaveueonray elvat “round? audi Yuvarkt TroAvv ypdvov dAyea maayew”* émet Kal TA 4 A ” ” / b] 4 A avOn Enpa ovra et tis BAr€rot arroBeBAnkota Thv

4 4 “~ @ > “~ , @ tA

Badyv, apopda Sfdov éti adt@ Sdfer, dre pévror avbet Kal Eyer THY ypdav, KdAAOTE eoTWW.

22

THE DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD

HERMES I have no time, Menippus. But just look over there to your right, where you'll see Hyacinthus, Narcissus, Nireus, Achilles, Tyro, Helen, and Leda, and, in fact, all the beauties of old.

MENIPPUS I can only see bones and bare skulls, most of them looking the same. HERMES

Yet those are what all the poets admire, those bones which you seem to despise.

MENIPPUS But show me Helen. I can’t pick her out myself.

HERMES This skull is Helen.

MENIPPUS

Was it then for this that the thousand ships were manned from all Greece, for this that so many Greeks and barbarians fell, and.so many cities were devastated ?

HERMES

Ah, but you never saw the woman alive, Menippus, or you would have said yourself that it was for- givable that they “ for such a lady long should suffer woe ’’.! For if one sees flowers that are dried up and faded, they will, of course, appear ugly; but when they are in bloom and have their colour, they are very beautiful.

1 Homer, Iliad, III, 157. 23

412

413

THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

MENITIHIO“ Odxobv tobro, & ‘Epyh, bavpalw, ef 7) cuviecav ot “Ayatol wept mpdypatos ottws dAvyoypoviou Kat padiws arravOoivros trovobvres.

EPMH2 Od cyodAyj po, & Mévinre, cvpdpiAccodetv aot. ee A A > ; 4 M A 7 woTe ov pev emiAcEdpevos Témov, evba av ebédns, Ketoo KataBaAwy ceavtov, eyw dé Tovs adAdous vexpovs 70n weTeAcVoopua.

6 (20) MENITITIIOY KAI AIAKOY

MENITIIO£ 1. IIpos tod [\ovtwvos, & Aiaké, mepunynoai po. TA ev Gdov TavTa.

AIAKOS Od pddiov, & Méurme, dmavra: ooa pévrot , , a \ ¢ ld 4 ? Kepadaiwdn, uavlave odtos ev Ort KepBepds eorw ola8a, Kai tov mopOuda Tobrov, os ce Sverrépacer, A A 4 \ A 4 Mw es Kat THV Aipynv Kat Tov ITupipAeyefovra 75 Ewpakas

> , €LOLWV.

MENTO Otda taira Kai o€, Ott muAwpeis, Kai’ Tov , en er - ‘ wer , Baouréa eldov kat tas “Epwis: tods S€ avOpazous pow Tous mdAat Setov Kat waAtora Tovs émonpous! 2 A avuTav.

24

THE DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD

MENIPPUS

Well, Hermes, what does surprise me is this: that the Achaeans didn’t know how short-lived a thing they strove for, and how soon it loses its bloom.

HERMES

I have no time to moralise with you, Menippus. Choose a place to lie down in, wherever you like, and I’ll be off now to fetch the other shades.

6 (20) MENIPPUS AND AEACUS

MENIPPUS

I ask you, Aeacus, in the name of Pluto, to conduct me round every thing in Hades.

AEACUS

It’s not easy to do it all, Menippus, but I'll show you the chief things. This is Cerberus, as you know, and on your way in you’ve already seen the ferryman here who brought you over, and the lake and Pyriphlegethon.

MENIPPUS

I know all that and that you are the gate-keeper, and I’ve seen the king and the Furies. But show me the men of old, and particularly the famous ones.

1 émonpous y: evddgous B. 25

414

THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

AIAKOX Odtos pev Ayapéuvwv, odros S€ ‘AxArevs, odtos S€ "Idopeveds Anoiov, obtos b€ ’Odvacevs,' elra Alas Kat Atoundns Kai ot dpioto. Tov ‘EAAjvwv. MENITTHO2 2. BaBai, & “Ounpe, ofa cor trav papwdidv Ta KepdAaia xapal eppimTar ayvwora Kat apopda, (4 , ‘ ~ , > A e > a Kovis mavTa Kal Anpos mroAUvs, apevnva ws adnbds Kdpyva. ovtos dé, @ Aiaké, Tis eort;? AIAKOL Kipos éorw: otros 5€ Kpotoos, 6 8 wtrep avtrov Lapdavdtadios, 6 8’ vmép tovtovs Midas, exetvos be HépEns. MENTO Etra oé, @ xdbappa, 7 “EAXas edpitte Cev- ? A A “EX 4 & A ry A ~ 7 A yvivTa pev TOV nomovtTov, dia b€ THY Opav a 9 “A e A A e al 4 >) areiv emOupotvta; olos S€ Kat 6 Kpotods éortw. \ A , oy > 4 4 a! tov LapoavaTraAAov b€, @ Ataxé, matakat ou Kata Koppns emitperbov. AIAKOZ Mysapas: Svabpvmres yap avtot To Kpaviov yuvaiKetov Ov. MENITHOZ Odxobv adda mpoonticopai ye TavTWS abT@ av- Spoyvvw ye ovtt. 1 srAnaiov elra ’Odvaceis y-

2 xdpynva: (: = change of speaker) odros d€, & Méunne, Kipos €orw> B.

26

THE DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD

AEACUS

This is Agamemnon, and this Achilles, here is Idomeneus close by, and here Odysseus, then come

Ajax, Diomede and the finest of the Greeks.

MENIPPUS

Dear me, Homer, how the central figures of your epics have been cast to the ground and lie unrecog- nisable and ugly, all so much dust and rubbish, ‘‘strengthless heads’’! in very truth! But who is this, Aeacus ?

AEACUS Cyrus, and this is Croesus, and the one beyond him Sardanapalus, and beyond them Midas, and that one is Xerxes.

MENIPPUS

Then you, you scum, were the terror of Hellas ? You bridged the Hellespont, and wanted to sail through the mountains?” And what a sight Croesus is! And, Aeacus, let me slap the face of Sardanapalus.

AEACUS Don’t, you’re breaking his skull; it’s as weak as a g a woman’s.

MENIPPUS Then at least I'll have a good spit at him, since he’s as much woman as man. 1 Cf. Homer, Od. IT, 29, etc. 2 By a canal through Athos. 27

415

416

THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

AIAKOS 3. Bovdrer coi éemideiEw Kai Tovs codgovs; MENITIOS Nx Aia ye. AIAKOSZ IIpa&tos obtés cot 6 [Tvbaycpas éori. | MENIIINOZ XAatpe, @ EvdopBe 7 “AzroAAov 7 6 tt av BéAns. ITY@ATOPAZ M7} Kai ov ye, © Mévinre. MENIIHIO£ OdKeértt xpvaots 6 npds cor; ITYO@ATOPAL

Od yap: adda dépe itdw et Ti cor CdWdiypov 7H HPA EXEL. MENITITIOS Kvudpous, dyalé> wore od tovti cor edwdipoyr.

ITYO@ATOPAS

Ads povov: adda mapa vexpots déypara: éuabov yap, ws ovdev toov Kvapor Kat Kepadal ToKjwy evOade.

AIAKOS

4. Odtos dé LoAwv 6 *EEnKeoridov Kat Oars exetvos Kat trap avrovs IIirraxds Kat ot dAAot: EmTa, O€ TaVTES Elolv WS Opas.

1 47) Scripsi: v7) vett.: v7 Aia rece.: cf. p. 242. 1,2 Cf. Diogenes Laertius, VIII, 4 and 11.

3 Cf. note on The Cock, 4 (vol. 2, p. 181), for verse for- bidding Pythagoreans to eat beans.

28

THE DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD

AEACUS Would you like me to show you the philosophers ?

MENIPPUS Oh yes, please. AEACUS Here first you have Pythagoras.

MENIPPUS Good day to you, Euphorbus or Apollo, or what- ever name you prefer. PYTHAGORAS And a bad day to you, Menippus.

MENIPPUS Don’t you still have your thigh of gold ? ?

PYTHAGORAS

No; but let me see if there’s anything to eat in your wallet.

MENIPPUS

Beans, my good fellow—something you mustn’t eat.

PYTHAGORAS

Just give me some. Doctrines are different among the dead; I’ve learnt that beans and parents’ heads ® are not the same thing here.

AEACUS

This is Solon, the son of Execestides, and that is Thales, and past them is Pittacus, and the others ; they are seven in all, as you see.

29

417

THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

MENITTIOL “Adurot, @ Aiaké, odror pdvor kat padpot Tov ” b € Q Ps a 3 4 > @ ? 1 bd , dAAwv: 6 &€ or0d06 avamdews Kabarep! éyxpudias dptos, 6 Tais PAuKTaivais® eEnvOnkws, Tis EoTW;

*Q yadkérov BéAtioTe, Ti Trafwv ceavTov ets Tovs KpaTipas eveBanes ;

EMITEAOKAHS Medayyodia tis, & Mévre.

MENITTO2 Od pa A’ adda Kevodokia Kat todos Kai 7roAA} Kopula, Tadra ce annvOpdxwoev avtais Kpymiow ? > , ” A b) 4 ” \ , odK avaé.ov evra: TAny ovdev GE WYNTEV TO GOd.LoLGa* e f é on > Ud edupdbns yap Tebvedds. 6 LwKparns dé, w Aiaxé, Tov ToTE apa €oTiV; AIAKOLX Mera Neéotopos Kat IlaAaprdous éxeivos Anpet 7a TOAAG. MENITTIOL “Ouws €Bovrdunv idetvy adrov, et mov évOdde e€oTiv. 1 dvdarAews xabarep y: mAéws worep B. 2 ras hdvxtaivas B.

30

THE DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD

MENIPPUS These are the only happy and cheerful ones,

Aeacus. But who is this covered with cinders, like a loaf baked in the ashes, and with such a crop of blisters on his skin ? AEACUS Empedocles ; he came half-boiled from Etna.

MENIPPUS

O brazen-foot ! most excellent, what came over you that you jumped into the crater ?

EMPEDOCLES A fit of mad depression, Menippus.

MENIPPUS No, but a fit of vanity and pride and a dose of drivelling folly ; that was what burnt you to ashes, boots and all—and well you deserved it! But the trick didn’t do you any good; they found out that you were dead. But wherever, Aeacus, is Socrates ?

AEACUS Usually he’s talking nonsense with Nestor and Palamedes. MENIPPUS However, I should like to see him, if he’s around.

1 Empedocles was said to have died by leaping into the crater of Etna, which later threw out one of his bronze- shod sandals. Cf. Strabo, VI, 274; Diogenes Laertius, VIII, 69.

3]

THE WORKS OF LUCIAN

AIAKOZ ‘OpGs tov dadaxpév; MENITIMO2

cd 4 9 e 4 ba) ” Anavres dadaxpot eiow: wate TdavTwY dv etn fo A

TOvTO TO yywpLopa.

AIAKOS

Tov oipov rAéyw.

MENITHO2 Kai tobro Gpovov: oot yap anavtes.

AQKPATHS 5. "Eyé Cnreis, & Méurne;

MENITIO2 Kat pada, & Lidixpares.

SRKPATHS Ti ra ev ‘Abrvais;

MENITIH02

418 Iodhot Tov veéwv prroaogeiv Aeyouar, Kal Ta ye oxnpata atTa Kal ta Badiopata ei Oeaaatd TI,